A practical reference on WADA Prohibited List: what it is, how it behaves, what the literature reports, and where the honest uncertainties sit.
This page was last updated on 2026-04-07 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
Cardarine is explicitly prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency under the class of PPARδ agonists. Its presence in urine or blood samples can be detected using mass spectrometry-based methods, often liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Athletes who test positive may face sanctions, including bans from competition. The compound is also regulated as a prescription-only or unapproved drug in many countries. Enforcement varies by jurisdiction, and some regions treat it as a controlled substance. Online sales may occur despite these restrictions, creating quality and legal risks.
Laboratory detection of cardarine typically involves sample preparation followed by chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification. Urine is the most common matrix for anti-doping tests, though blood and hair have also been explored. Methods can target the parent compound or its metabolites, depending on the expected window of detection. Reference standards are required for accurate quantification. Matrix effects and dilution can influence results, so laboratories use internal standards and validation protocols. The exact detection window varies with dose, route, and individual metabolism.
GW501516 acts as a selective agonist at PPARδ, a nuclear receptor that regulates transcription of genes involved in lipid handling and energy metabolism. Activation of PPARδ in preclinical models increases fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and exercise endurance in rodents. These effects have made the compound a subject of metabolic research and also a target for sport anti-doping rules. In humans, however, controlled studies are limited, and whether similar endurance or metabolic changes occur at tolerated exposures remains an open question. The receptor’s broad tissue distribution also means downstream effects may vary by organ and condition.
Detection of GW501516 in biological samples generally relies on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Urine is a common matrix in anti-doping analysis, while blood or plasma may be used in research settings. Sample preparation can involve enzymatic hydrolysis, protein precipitation, or solid-phase extraction before instrumental analysis. Because the compound undergoes metabolism, assays may target the parent molecule, one or more metabolites, or both. Detection windows are not fixed; they depend on factors such as dose, route, individual metabolism, and assay sensitivity. Reference standards are required for accurate identification and quantification.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Regulatory status | Prohibited in sport | Listed by WADA as a PPARδ agonist. |
| Typical detection matrix | Urine | Most common sample for anti-doping analysis. |
| Common analytical method | LC-MS/MS | Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| Common synonyms | GW501516, GSK-516, endurobol | Names found in research and fitness contexts. |
| Typical detection window | Variable | Depends on dose, route, and individual metabolism. |
Analytical laboratories typically identify cardarine and its metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urine is a common matrix in anti-doping testing, while blood and tissue may be used in research settings. Detection windows depend on the assay, the sample matrix, and the compound's metabolism. Because cardarine is extensively metabolized, laboratories often target specific metabolites to improve sensitivity and confirmation. Reference standards are required for reliable quantification. Method validation includes checks for selectivity, linearity, and carryover.
A persistent misconception is that cardarine is a fat-burning drug or a safe alternative to anabolic steroids. No approved therapeutic product exists, and human safety data are limited. The tumor findings in rodents remain a central concern in scientific reviews. Products sold online may contain inaccurate labels, impurities, or different compounds entirely, which complicates any assessment of effects. Independent testing of such products has reported frequent mislabeling. For these reasons, discussions in the literature emphasize risks and unknowns rather than benefits.
Products sold as cardarine have been found to contain incorrect compounds, variable amounts, or no active ingredient at all. Independent testing is required to verify identity and purity. Common analytical approaches include high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance for structural confirmation. These methods can distinguish GW501516 from related PPAR agonists and from unrelated steroids. For regulators and researchers, such verification is central to interpreting both biological results and adverse event reports.
Cardarine is prohibited in competitive sport under the World Anti-Doping Agency code, where it is classified as a metabolic modulator. It is not approved as a prescription medicine in the United States, European Union, or other major markets. Regulatory action has focused on its presence in sports and in products marketed as research chemicals. Because it has no accepted medical indication, supply is often unregulated. This status creates legal and safety uncertainties for anyone who encounters the substance.
Anti-doping laboratories detect GW501516 and its metabolites using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urine is the most common matrix, though blood and dried blood spots may also be used in some programs. Detection depends on factors such as dose, timing, metabolism, and the sensitivity of the assay. Published methods describe limits of detection in the low nanogram per milliliter range for related compounds. Exact detection windows are not fixed for all situations and remain an area of ongoing study.
==== Netherlands ==== In 2024, a Dutch state commission issued a report advocating for MDMA to be made available to patients with PTSD. In June 2011, the Expert Committee on the List (Expertcommissie Lijstensystematiek Opiumwet) issued a report which discussed the evidence for harm and the legal status of MDMA, arguing in favor of maintaining it on List I.
=== Everyone, Wherever You Are, Come One Step Closer (2022) === In 2022, Kermani published his most successful religion-related book to date, with the programmatic title: Everyone, Wherever You Are, Come One Step Closer. It is written as an address to Kermani's daughter. Responding to her questions about God and religion, the book offers an excellent introduction to faith for young people. While Kermani mainly focuses on Islam and explains many of the specifics of this religion, his mystical approach to religion offers a great deal of relatable content for people of all faiths. The book's detailed analysis of modern physics as a form of contemporary adaptation of traditional beliefs is striking, and the book succeeds in offering a complex and thoroughly thought-out understanding of religion in a humorous and accessible style.
== Awards and honors == 2019 HUPO Award (Human Proteome Organization) 2004 Elsevier / Spectrochimica Acta Atomic Spectroscopy Award for the most important paper published in Spectrochimica Acta Part B in 2002 (Title: Reaction cells and collision cells for ICP-MS: a tutorial review) in co-authorship with Scott D. Tanner and Dmitry Bandura 2001 Manning Innovation Award, Award of Distinction Dr. Vladimir Baranov, together with Scott D. Tanner, received the Manning Award of Distinction from the Manning Innovation Awards Foundation for the remarkable invention of the ICP-MS Dynamic Reaction Cell (Collision/reaction cell). 1999 Pittcon Editors' Awards Perkin-Elmer Sciex for their ELAN 6100 DRC (Dynamic Reaction Cell) ICP-MS system.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
=== Supercritical water oxidation === Supercritical water oxidation uses supercritical water as a medium in which to oxidize hazardous waste, eliminating production of toxic combustion products that burning can produce. The waste product to be oxidised is dissolved in the supercritical water along with molecular oxygen (or an oxidising agent that gives up oxygen upon decomposition, e.g. hydrogen peroxide) at which point the oxidation reaction occurs.
=== Transportation companies === Canadian Airlines (1987–2001) (IATA airline code CP) Canadian Pacific Railway, reporting mark CP Central Pacific Railroad, a network of lines between California and Utah, US Chemins de Fer de Provence, a French public railway company Comboios de Portugal, a Portuguese state-owned train company CP Air or Canadian Pacific Air Lines (1942–1987), a Canadian airline CP Ships, a Canadian shipping company, part of TUI Group Cathay Pacific, a Hong Kong–based major airline
=== Member requirements === The CLP required all members to study Marxist theoretical writings at weekly study sessions. Many members attended "cadre schools” which lasted for eight weeks, studying the Marxist classics full-time, six days a week. One of the CLP's fundamental positions was independence for the so-called "Negro Nation". They defined the Negro Nation as all people living in the Southern United States, including both African Americans and whites. The argument was that all those living within the boundaries of a nation were members of that nation.
Glycoproteins and phosphoproteins are usually associated with covalent bonds since they have a carbohydrate or phosphate residue attached to the side chains of certain amino acid residues like asparagine, serine, and threonine. On the other hand, metalloproteins usually involve coordination bonds where there would be bonds between the metal ions and side chains of some amino acids like histidine, cysteine, or aspartic acid. All of these interactions create stable structures that are important for protein function. It is common for the prosthetic group to contribute to the function of the protein. An example of this is if the prosthetic group is broken away from the protein, the function of that protein is lost. This is seen in hemoglobin. When the heme group of hemoglobin is removed, the function of the protein is lost, making it a nonfunctional protein. This all highlights the prosthetic groups importance in maintaining both the structure and protein activity of conjugated proteins.
Sources: en.wikipedia.org
Yes, WADA prohibits cardarine as a PPARδ agonist. It appears on the prohibited list and can be detected in urine or blood. Athletes using it risk sanctions.
Detection usually uses liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after sample cleanup. Laboratories look for the parent compound or metabolites. The method requires validated reference standards and controls.
Legality varies by country. In many places it is an unapproved drug and cannot be legally sold for human consumption. Purchasing from online vendors carries legal and quality risks.
Cardarine targets PPARδ, a nuclear receptor involved in lipid and energy metabolism. It does not bind the androgen receptor in the way SARMs do.